Sporadic E layers are transient, thin regions of enhanced ionisation in the lower ionosphere, predominantly composed of metallic ions originating from meteoric ablation. Their complex dynamics are ...
A possible alternative to active debris removal (ADR) by laser is ablative propulsion by a remotely transmitted electron beam ...
Most operational systems still use a single-layer ionosphere model with a fixed effective height, despite the ionosphere’s strong spatial, temporal, and solar-driven variability. This simplification ...